The Middle East And The European Powers Changes During The...

How did the relationship between the Middle East and the European powers change during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? Many things happened in the Middle East during the eighteenth and nineteen century. For example, the book â€Å"Sources in the History of The Modern Middle east† gives us some of the events that happened in the Middle East during nineteen century such as; Central Political Reforms and Local Responses 1. The Hatt-I-Serif Decree Initiates the Tanzimat, or Reform, Period in the Ottoman Empire, November 3, 1839 2. An Ottoman Government Decree Defines the Official Notion of the â€Å"Modern† Citizen, June 19, 1870 3. Mirza Malkum Khan Satirizes Iran’s Central Government and Religious Elites, 1880s 4. Jamal al-Din†¦show more content†¦This mixture of ethnicities, there are major conflicts of religious, territorial order (including the struggle for water) and economic (because of oil). During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries two main events changed the relationship between Middle east and Europe; Napoleonic Invasion and The decline of the Ottoman Empire and the British. Egypt was a place of the oldest civilizations (4000 BC) that even Alexander s command, the Great (322 BC), is ruled by dynasties. In the following centuries, the Nile people are dominated by Roman (first century BC), Byzantine (fourth century), Arabs (seventh century) - which impose Islam - and Turkish-Ottoman (XVI century). It Faces Napoleonic invasion in the late eighteenth century, but the framework of European penetration is the construction of the Suez Canal (1869) and the British occupation in 1882 until 1936, when they spend to maintain troops only in the channel. In 1922 Egypt proclaims independence and install a monarchy. During World War II was the scene of conflict between British against German and Italian. The post-war crisis and defeat for the Israelis against the creation of this state (1948) cause antimonarquistas and anticolonial protests. In this context, Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser ascends to power to depose the monarch regime and proclaim a republic in 1953 and promote agrarian reform and industrialization in 1954 and nationalized the